Soybean cultivar selection for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs) – Hydroponic cultivation

Four soybean cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Cresir’, ‘Pr91m10’ and ‘Regir’), selected through a theoretical procedure as suitable for cultivation in BLSS, were evaluated in terms of growth and production. Germination percentage and Mean Germination Time (MGT) were measured. Plants were cultivated in a growth chamber equipped with a recirculating hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique). Cultivation was performed under controlled environmental conditions (12 h photoperiod, light intensity 350 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, temperature regime 26/20 °C light/dark, relative humidity 65–75%). Fertigation was performed with a standard Hoagland solution, modified for soybean specific requirements, and EC and pH were kept at 2.0 dS m⁻¹ and 5.5 respectively.     

非对称喷管超声速流场的PIV实验与数值模拟

选取了跟随性能以及散射性能都上佳的二氧化钛粒子,利用了粒子图像测速仪(particle image velocimetry,PIV)对不同落压比下的非对称喷管(single expansion ramp nozzle,SERN)流场进行了测量,成功获取了相应流动结构,以及沿程上壁面压力分布和速度场等.在测得的图像中,可以清晰地观察到由于过膨胀产生的激波与膨胀波系,并进一步获得出口速度分布.运用计算流体动力学数值模拟方法,对实验状态下的非对称喷管进行了模拟.对比结果发现:PIV实验测得流场结构能很好地与其吻合,这互相验证了CFD计算和PIV实验的正确性及可靠性.      

一种微型侧喷式压电合成射流器的设计

设计了一种侧喷型合成射流器,考察了射流器喷口结构尺寸对射流速度的影响,计算了不同喷口宽度下的动量系数,确定了喷口的最优尺寸,并在攻角为23°的NACA0015翼型进行了数值仿真模拟。结果表明,合成射流器可以有效的抑制边界层流动分离。同时设计了器件的加工工艺流程并完成了器件的加工。     

Numerical investigation of of nozzle cavities thermal radiation characteristics with center cone cooled

航空发动机高温部件是发动机3-5μm上的重要红外辐射之一,对高温部件之一的中心锥的红外抑制技术进行了数值研究．在中心锥前端布置气膜缝槽,缝槽几何参数经过优化设计,将部分外涵低温气流经过支板引入中心锥,对支板和锥体壁面形成冲击冷却,在锥体前端形成气膜覆盖,使得支板与中心锥壁面得到了有效冷却,两者平均温度分别降低21．1％和46．2％,冷却气量约为外涵流量的1．6％．喷管腔体3～5Izm波段上红外辐射得到有效抑制,喷管正后方红外辐射相比原型喷管降低30％,0°-45。范围内红外辐射则明显降低．     

Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Effects on Thrust and Inlet Pressure of an Air-breathing Pulse Detonation Engine

Nozzle effects on thrust and inlet pressure of a multi-cycle air-breathing pulse detonation engine (APDE) are investigated experimentally. An APDE with 68 mm in diameter and 2 050 mm in length is operated using gasoline/air mixture. Straight nozzle, converging nozzle, converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle are tested. The results show that thrust augmentation of converging-diverging nozzle, diverging nozzle or straight nozzle is better than that of converging nozzle on the whole. Thrust augmentation of straight nozzle is worse than those of converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle. Thrust augmentations of diverging nozzle with larger expansion ratio and converging-diverging nozzle with larger throat area range from 20% to 40% on tested frequencies and are better than those of congeneric other nozzles respectively. Nozzle effects on inlet pressure are also researched. At each frequency it is indicated that filling pressures and average peak pressures of inlet with diverging nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle with large throat cross section area are higher than those with straight nozzle and converging nozzle. Pressures near thrust wall increase in an increase order from without nozzle, with diverging nozzle, straight nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle to converging nozzle.     

微型固体姿控发动机微喷管内气粒两相流动规律的CFD-DSMC研究

微型固体姿控发动机在航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。以基于MEMS技术的微喷管为研究对象,首先通过计算微喷管中的克努森数,得到了微喷管中的气相流动状态;然后,采用CFD-DSMC方法,模拟了微喷管中的气粒两相流动,并研究了颗粒相质量分数和粒径对气相流动的影响。结果表明,在所研究的来流条件下,微喷管中的连续介质假设是成立的;气相与颗粒相间的动量和能量交换,导致气相马赫数降低、温度升高,同时也导致颗粒相速度增加、温度降低;颗粒相质量分数和粒径均能显著影响气相的马赫数和温度。     

无人机飞行安全控制与安控器设计

针对无人机飞行安全问题,介绍了提高任务飞行安全的技术、方法和措施,提出了基于GPS卫星接收机,独立于飞控系统的无人机安控器设计思路。在研究安控策略的基础上,设计了无人机安控器,并结合某型无人机进行了安控仿真试验,结果表明安控器有效、方案可行。     

恒压式气体流量计变容室截面面积测量技术研究

为了研制恒压式气体微流量计,设计了以波纹管为主体的变容室,并对波纹管变容室截面面积进行了测量。采用多项式拟合公式对波纹管截面面积测量结果进行了修正,避免了波纹管非线性的影响,结果表明修正后偏差小于0.16%,截面面积的测量结果合成标准不确定度小于0.53%,可以满足使用要求。     

空间机器人捕获漂浮目标的抓取控制

提出了动态抓取域用于空间机器人捕获漂浮目标的抓取控制。空间机器人捕获漂浮目标时,由于机械臂与基体的动力学耦合、抓取时的碰撞激振等非线性特性使得抓取控制变得复杂而重要。首先建立了空间机器人及漂浮目标的动力学模型,而后引入了末端装置抓取目标时的碰撞模型,并提出了"动态抓取域"用于机械臂抓取目标时的控制,同时应用关节主动阻尼控制,以减小抓取碰撞激振对空间机器人冲击的影响。结果表明:在相同抓取时间下,加速抓取明显优于匀速抓取,碰撞力振幅减小至匀速抓取时的20%,对空间机器人的激振冲击明显消除,仅在抓取结束前有小幅激振。这对空间机器人的抓取控制有着重要的理论价值及工程实际意义。     

结构参数对环簇式塞式喷管性能的影响

为研究环簇式塞式喷管设计中人为选择的结构参数对性能的影响,在单元间距与内喷管出口直径比、单元喷管数目、内喷管面积比分别相同的前提下,计算并比较了三种塞式喷管的推力效率.结果表明,高空下内喷管面积比30.2的8单元接触式的效率最高,而低空下内喷管面积比20.7的8单元间隔式的效率最高.因此在总面积比一定的情况下,若塞式喷管在中低空高度下工作,则单元内喷管面积比可取得小些,以保证中低空下的效率;反之,则单元内喷管面积比尽量取得大些.